Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project - 1024 Words

BIBLE DICTIONARY PROJECT Tania Clark L28322086 BIBL 104: B51 10/01/2016 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project: Ruth The book of Ruth is a book about sacrifice, faith, patience, love, kindness, restoration, and fruitfulness. The basic literary is narrative and the authorship is believed to be Samuel written between 1020 – 1000 BC. The main personalities of this book are Ruth, Naomi, and Boaz. The Book of Ruth is about how a man named Elimelech takes his wife Naomi and their two sons Mahlon and Chilion from living in a town known as â€Å"the house of bread† in Bethlehem to the land of Moab on his own will to escape death. Here the two sons married unequally yoked Moab women by the names of Orpah and Ruth. All within a decade Naomi loses her husband and two sons to death. One day Naomi hears that God’s favor has returned to Bethlehem and that food is available so Naomi decides to return. Not too far into the journey back to Bethlehem, accompanied by Orpah and Ruth, Naomi tells Orpah and Ruth to return to Moab but Ruth decides to continue with Naomi and follow God. Upon t heir arrival, the whole town was in a frenzy at the return of Naomi. When confronted about her identity she told them to call her Mara, which means bitter, and no longer Naomi which means pleasant. Ruth and Naomi returned at the beginning of the barley harvest and the next day Ruth took it upon herself to go to the field collect food. While out on the field a man by the name of Boaz, who is related toShow MoreRelatedBible 104 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project794 Words   |  4 PagesBible Dictionary Project Template Name: Randy Westover Student ID: L26485458 Course: Bible 104 Date: 10/13/2014 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project: Romans: Romans is a letter from Paul to the church of Rome. Paul had not ever been tovisit this church but had met some of the members in his travels. I tells of his plan to visit the church. He wrote this letter durning his third missionary trip in 57 A.D. In this letter he explains that God’s sa,vation plan is for everyone, JewsRead MoreBib 104 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project940 Words   |  4 PagesBIBL 104 February 15, 2015 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project Genesis The book of Genesis is one of the better-known books of the Bible. Not only is it the first book of the Bible it is also the first documentation of our existence. The book was originally written in Hebrew with the title of bereshit, which means â€Å"in the beginning.† (Bible.org) While the author of Genesis is never actually named, it is believed that Moses wrote the book of Genesis. In Acts 7:22 Luke recaps that MosesRead MoreReligion 111 Syllabus Essay4050 Words   |  17 PagesOLIVE COLLEGE ONLINE SYLLABUS 2012-2013 Academic Year Course: Religion 111: Introduction to the Old Testament Instructor: Email: Department Chair: Division Chair: Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences: Credit Hours: 3sh Course Expectations: Outside of class- 20 hours per week REL 111 Introduction to the Old Testament: This course is an examination of the writings of the Old Testament, using an historical and interpretive approach to these writings. GER REL and Humanities StudentRead MoreWebsite Evaluation : Blue Letter Bible1256 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Blue Letter Bible† and its URL is: (http://www.blueletterbible.org/help/videoHelps.cfm#section2). The main reason which gets my attention towards this particular website is its powerful tools which are helpful for complete and comprehensive study of the Bible. Since, I have not study the Bible in my life before this course. So, I need a website which is comprehensive as well as easy to understand. I found this site very helpful for beginner. So, in the beginning of my journey of Bible studies translationRead MoreDictionary of O.T1356 Words   |  6 PagesBIBLE DICTIONARY PROJECT I CHARLIE MITCHELL Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project RUTH Book of Ruth is a romantic drama and love story on how God use people to carry out his divine agenda. Even non-believers carries God message, as depicted with Ruth, a Moabite woman (Gentile). â€Å"Historically, Ruth is the lynchpin of the covenant. Theologically, the story of Ruth and Boaz illustrates the biblical concept of redemption† (Ed Hindson and Elmer Towns, Illustrated Bible Survey: An IntroductionRead MoreBibl 104 Ot Bible Dictionary Project1120 Words   |  5 PagesJenna Erickson BIBL 104-D13 04/17/2015 Old Testament Bible Dictionary Project: Exodus/Moses/Sinai Exodus: Exodus is the second book of five in the Pentateuch or Torah of the Old Testament. It is also the second book in the Hebrew Bible, and is known as V’elleh Shemoth, while in the Greek Bible it is known as Exodus, meaning â€Å"departure† or â€Å"outgoing†. Moses is believed to be the author of Exodus, and it was most likely written during the forty years of wandering in the wilderness, between 1451Read MoreEchose4505 Words   |  19 PagesD.Min. Project Prospectus Sharon L. Smith I. Title: Bridging the Gap: A Pilot Project Aimed at Mutually Equipping Church and Business Leaders for Kingdom Impact II. The Context: Followers of Jesus Christ who possess a divine calling, talents, and gifts to work and serve God through specific voluntary or paid vocations in the workplace face daily opportunities to impact the Kingdom of God. When believers walk by faith and obedience in the revelation that God’s divine presence andRead MoreRoyal Ideology in Ancient Israel Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pageswas done through symbols and building projects and to a lesser degree in literature. The centralisation of the government from Hebron to Jerusalem helped to cement the legitimacy of the kingship and guarantee order, security, prosperity, fertility etc... Central location, division into tax regions and territorial expansion were all seen as pluses of the new monarchic style. Some rulers, less capable in military manoeuvres, justified vast building projects to boast Israels growing power andRead MoreBible Dictionary727 Words   |  3 PagesBible Dictionary Project-Old Testament Book: Job The book of Job is the eighteenth book in the Bible and is a book about Faith, Pride and Loyalty. Job was a God-Fearing man who was faithful and loyal to God and His word, and God’s pride for Job caused him to boast about Job while having a conversation with Satan, then giving Satan permission to test just how faithful Job would be if he were to lose everything he had. Job was a wealthy man but Satan was going see how faithful Job really wasRead MoreDefining Words Project9052 Words   |  37 PagesDEFINING WORDS PROJECT WRSP 510 LUO (fall 2012) Biblical Foundations Dr. Gray Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Tammy Chesnic (ID#23451506) December 2012 Table Of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Praise†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..3-10 Honor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......10-11 Rejoice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12-14 Bow Down†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14-16 Shout†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Reflection Of F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby

Minela Sljoka Casperson 5 AP English 3 28 January 2015 The Reflection of Fitzgerald’s Life in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby echoes with experiences of Francis Scott Fitzgerald through relationships and descriptions among the characters, the depiction of the era, as well as the juxtaposition between the multiple â€Å"worlds† within the novel. Fitzgerald lived in the time after WWI where the novel takes place; American life had major changes, the people started to become more materialistic, women obtained the right to vote, parties became a typical routine, but most importantly the desire for the American Dream was in full swing. In the Roaring 20’s, people wanted to obtain money by any means assuming it would bring them inconsiderable amount of joy. Fitzgerald portrays this time period through character traits and symbols, to exhibit the impossibility of the American Dream. After the WW1 the American people got a different prospective from American dream opposed their traditional lifestyle and behavior. Firstly, people become more concerned with themselves rather than anyone else, which is evident in the behavior and relationships between Daisy and Tom, they would cause multiple problems among others and simply return back to their finances if all else fails. Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby with his own inept social ambition as a dream achiever, with Daisy as his dream. He grew up dreaming about becoming rich and changing how the world viewed him, in turn he left his family andShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead More The Great Gatsby and the Valley of Ashes Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Valley of Ashes    Many times we hear of societys affect on people; society influencing the way people think and act.   Hardly mentioned is the reverse: peoples actions and lifestyles affecting society as a whole and how it is characterized.   Thus, society is a reflection of its inhabitants and in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is a wasteland described as the valley of ashes.   Since the characters of this novel make up this wasteland, arent they theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Defiance Of Gender Stereotypes933 Words   |  4 PagesMash Mr. Cole Honors English III 15 October 14 The Defiance of Gender Stereotypes in Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby Throughout the 1920’s, before Women’s Suffrage, women were viewed as inferior, as well as subordinate to males because of many years of patriarchal dominance. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, women are seen as lesser by the male characters, yet show a great sense of power and domination over the actions and storyline. The major plotline of Gatsby’s love for Daisy andRead More Failure and the Degeneration of America in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1042 Words   |  5 Pages   The Great Gatsby is a bold and damning social commentary of America which critiques its degeneration from a nation of infinite hope and opportunity to a place of moral destitution. The novel is set during the Roaring Twenties, an era of outrageous excesses, wild lavish parties and sadly, an era of regret and lost potential. As the audience, they take us on a journey guided and influenced by the moral voice of Nick Carraway, a character who is simultaneously enchanted andRead MoreEssay about F. Scott Fitzgerald1049 Words   |  5 PagesF Scott Fitzgerald was one of the most influential authors of the 20th century. Although his last finished work was more than 60 years ago, today they are enjoyed with more enthusiasm and acclaim than they were when they were written. His works are cited as an influence for many other authors. Fitzgerald saw his writing as a reflection of his own life. His works are closely based on his experiences at Princeton, in World War 1 and his love life. Although he was not overly popular at the timeRead MoreNarratology in The Great Gatsby1308 Words   |  6 Pages F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby demonstrates what Marie-Laure Ryan, H. Porter Abbott and David Herman state about what narratology should be. These theorists emphasize the importance of conflict, human experience, gaps and consciousness, among many other elements, in order for a story to be considered a narrative. The Great Gatsby shows these elements throughout the book in an essential way. This makes the reader become intrigued and desperate to know what will happen next. The Great GatsbyRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby974 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the Valley of Ashes: The Great Gatsby â€Å"This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and raising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (Fitzgerald 26). In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, mainly depicted lives of the rich and their luxuries but also showed theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pageslove story revolving around Jay Gatsby and his ambitious pursuit of happiness. Jay Gatsby, arguably the central character in the novel, perseveres and overcomes his poverty-stricken life. By keeping a low profile and participating in the illegal bootlegging of alcohol for several years, Gatsby acquires an immense amount of wealth and exhibits it, his grand mansion for example, in a hope to manifest a wealthy and respectable image. Fitzger ald intertwines Gatsby s mansion along with the residencesRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby- Women in the Twenties1328 Words   |  6 PagesMulligan in The Great Gatsby (2013), bobbed hair, white fringe low-waisted dress, flat-chested and highly made up face. In the 1920’s, after the first world war, women’s roles in society began to change because they became more independent, both in clothing and actions. They defied the well-known appropriate feminine behavior and along with those actions came new fashions. They refused to live up to any rules, whether from their husbands or their society. Today’s modern women are the reflection of the 1920’s

Religions Matrix Free Essays

He set off to find Supreme Enlightenment. Shamanic Buddha who taught the Four Nobles and the Eightfold Path for liberation from suffering. I Confucius who taught Confucianism. We will write a custom essay sample on Religions Matrix or any similar topic only for you Order Now Family name was Kong, he was honored as Kong fuzz. I The origin of Taoism is thought to be the way of the Yellow Emperor. The texts used are thought to have been written by Laszlo. Gazing who left government position to pursue freedom and solitude. I Central beliefs I The central belief of Hinduism Is karma, which Is If you do good, good things will come to oh, If you do bad things, bad things will happen. The ultimate goal is to achieve mimosa or liberation from the cycle of reincarnation through realization of the immortal Absolute. I Seek eternal rather than temporal pleasure. Tetrahedral is self- discipline and self-control but has not ties to deities. To seek Supreme Enlightenment through the Eightfold Path and be strive for liberation from suffering. Be non-violent, non-confronting, trained mind, and peace will follow through meditation. I Focuses on ways of developing a Just and orderly society. Confucius believed Jean could save society through innate goodness, love, benevolence, perfect virtue, humaneness, and human-heartiness. I The world is naturally in harmony; Dad is our natural state. The idea of Dad which is unnamable. It is a mystical reality that cannot be grasped by the mind. Experience the unity of all things, cease to feel personal preferences, and take no Intentional or evasive action towards the flow of things. I Nature of God I Hindus have many deletes, the three major groupings are: Stats, Salves, and Vaccinates. I The belief is that the world has always been. There is no supreme deity. Enlightenment comes within oneself. I Do not acknowledge any deity. I They believe in Shanghai, the Lord on High, ruler of the universe, the supreme ancestor of the Chinese. He is not acted though as a Creator or God. I Texts I Veda, the oldest Vided scriptures is Rig Veda. Tantrums which teach how to worship the feminine divine. I Butterball which was composed In the first century. Mahayana texts, the Lotus Sutra described Babyhood and how to achieve It. I Confucian Classics which was later replaced with Mao Sedona. The Confucian Classics were known as the Five Classics and Four Books during the Song Dynasty. I Diode Jinn I Ritual and practice(sacred elements their meaning) I There are 16 rites prescribed in the scriptures to purify and sanctify in their life cycle: Pupas- which Is public worship to allow the sacred presence to be made tangible through devotions employing all tenet senses, ritual Tire ceremonies winner offerings are mace to the deities in exchange they will be rewarded, and death ceremonies also by fire which is designed to cleanse the body after death and release the soul to the spiritual realm. Fasting and prayer is observed during lunar and solar cycles or times during dangers. I Healing rituals which invoked the power of Buddha and dharma to ward off evil spirits and cure afflicted people. Yoga is practiced clear and train mind. Titanic practices by teachers to help those achieve to higher learning of Buddhism, the highest of them are lamas. Deity yoga to meditate to embody the various qualities that the practitioner wishes to manifest. I They include the Four Life Passages: birth, death, reaching maturity, and death. I Fen Shut-involves the study and harmonious placement of graves, temples, and even furniture. They communicate with spirits through sacrifice and ceremonies. Priests speak to the spirits with kind words to please them so they will do no harm. By singing and dancing they are begging the spirits to descend. I Ethics and morality I Karma is the ethnically strong teaching that there are consequences for all you do whether good or evil. Moral and ethically principles are truth, non-violence, non-stealing, intestine, non-covetousness, cleanliness, contentment, burning zeal, self-study, and devotion to God. I They refrain from violent, harmful speech, and doing things harmful to their bodies or doing harm to their environment. Ethics include being unselfish and seeking enlightenment with meditation. It is believe anyone can seek enlightenment. I One is concerned with self-improvement rather than public recognition, mindful of parents, speaks cautiously but acts quickly, and regards human nature as basically good. I Does not set a standard of morality and goes without labeling things â€Å"good or evil†. I How to cite Religions Matrix, Papers

7 Eleven Inquiry In Australia Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the 7 Eleven Inquiry In Australia. Answer: Introduction: In Australia, 7 Eleven is one of the most popular names in the petrol and convenience sector. The origin of the company is 7 Eleven Inc. that is situated in the continent of United States. The company had opened the store in Australia in the year 1977. By 2015, the company had opened more than 626 stores in Australia (Sivaraman Turner, 2016). The number of franchise owner in the various parts of Australia has reached 442 and the quantity of transaction done by the company annually is approximately 185 million. In the year 2008, an allegation was made against the company is that the company conducted certain double hour scam, where the employees are not properly getting their wages and falsify the employment records by misappropriating their posts in the market of Australia (Settle, Cameron Thornton, 2014). An inquiry has been made by the Fair Work Ombudsman in the year 2014 to point out the truthfulness of the allegation and made certain observations regarding the same. It was obse rved from the inquiry that the company had involved into waging scam. The FWO had inquired several stores of the company. The impacts of the inquiry were long lasting and important in nature. In the words of Lorelle Frazer, every franchisee company owes certain statutory duties that should not be violated at any cost. The inquiry has also created effects on the Australian society in certain circumstances. The Inquiry: In the year 2008, several allegations were made against the leading convenience company regarding the disputed waging system and employment records in various stores of the company and the company regarding the migrated employees made allegations regarding discrimination. In 2014, an inquiry was made by the Fair Works Ombudsman to identify the problems occurred in the branches of the company and near about 20 stores were being examined by the FWO during the process. It was come into the light that the company had violated the rules of Fair Work Act and breached certain duties while performing their duty. The Ombudsman had published certain reports on the same. There are certain reasons behind holding the inquiry. The Ombudsman as to identify the companys non-compliance regarding the workplace has made an attempt. An initiative has been made regarding the companys payroll and auditing section. It was found that the company has failed to comply with the regime of the Fair Works Act and failed to detect the non-compliances. Therefore, a complex situation arose and the company had started to underpay the employees. There are sections mentioned under the Fair Work Act and Fair Work Regulation against underpayment. Therefore, the company had violated the rules regarding the same. In 2008, an audit had been published by the workplace Ombudsman regarding the allegations from an unregistered organisation working for the interest of the employees. It was alleged that the company is paying its employees certain amount that are half in nature and therefore, the employees are facing the under waging problem. In the year 2009, it was revealed from the report made by the Fair Work Ombudsman that the company had reduced the rates for the night shift works. In the year 2010, an education campaign was conducted and it was revealed that the young employees are facing much trouble in the company. More than 70% of the audits are disputed in nature and contradictory to the provisions of the Fair Work Act 2009. The Ombudsman examined two operators of the company and the truthfulness regarding the allegation was proved. It was found that the company had failed to pay the casual rate to many of its employees. There were no continuity regarding the record keeping system and the company had failed to maintain all the employment records. The company had not engaged any inspector who can inspect the situation regarding the employment relation. The inquiry had also revealed that 60% of the franchisee owners of the company are novice and they had no particular knowledge on the matter. They also had little knowledge about the Industry Relation System of Australia. Finding report regarding the companys work force was also shocking in nature. Most of the employees had non-English background and the migrated employees had to do overtime in the company but there were no pay hike regarding the same. A request had been made before the Ombudsman to secure the life and interest of every employee who are facing the waging problems. There was an inconsistency found in the penalty rates and pay rates. The records maintained by the company were insufficient and that are not being matched with the CCTV footage of the stores. It was revealed by the inspector that the pattern of work maintained by the company was not according to the rules of the Fair Works Act 2009. The persons who are working at night, not being tracked by the CCTV of the company and the respective stores. There has been a manipulation observed regarding the payroll system in the company. Another major finding of the inquiry is to disclose the facts that the company had not maintained the proper data system. There is a mismatch regarding the penalty hours and the penalty records observed during the inquiry. There are certain penalties present in the company and the penalty hours are also different. However, the company was not maintaining the records regarding the same in a proper way. Gaps in the Australian Employment Relation System: The Employment Relation denotes the relationship between the employee and employer. In this relationship, certain reciprocal rights are generated in between the employer and employees. The employees are getting the benefits and social security by the acts of the employer. Under the employment relationship system, rights and obligations of the employers are being mentioned. The workers or the employees can be of any types, whether migrant workers or the private employees. The scope of the employment relationship has been confirmed in the year 2003. Under the Employment Relation, every employee is doing their works for remuneration and for certain fees. The primary object of the employment relation is to protect the interest of the workers. It is a fact that if there is any laxity regarding the labour protection has arose, the outcome can be adverse to the families of the employees. There are certain gaps observed in the process of the employment relations in these years. A number of allegations are made against the employers and rules of the International Labour Organisation and the Fair Work Act has not been maintained properly in this regard. The provision regarding the labour law has been frequent in nature and that leads towards an ambiguity in the employment relations. In Australia, certain problems regarding the employment relations have been cropped up and the effects of the same is detrimental in nature. The rule under the employment law is that a person can be recruited without any fixed period, but there are certain conditions have to be followed. Those employees are entitled to get certain pecuniary benefits as against the same. It is the duty of an employer not to discriminate the workers over their remuneration and fees. If they are eligible to get certain benefits or over time fees, they should be get the same from the employers. The primary objective of the employment relationship is to secure the interest of the employees. Therefore, any intention to manipulate the workers are to be taken, that will affect the rights and interest of the workers a lot. Certain employment gaps are found in the industrial society of Australia during the inquiry made at the several stores of the 7 eleven and identify the positions of the industrial organisation regarding the employment relation. It has been observed by the inquiry that the company has violated various principles of the Fair Work Act and had not maintained the provisions of the Employment Relationship properly. There were many allegations made against the company regarding the non-payment of wages to the workers. In the company, many migrated workers were working and they often had to work at night. After the inquiry some information were came into light regarding the company and therefore, a gap has been noticed regarding the employment relations. The primary objective of the ER system has been violated by the acts of the company. There was laxity observed regarding the interest of the workers. The provisions of the remuneration were also not according to the law or the rule. The company did not maintain the payroll records and there was a mismatch happened regarding the CCTV footage and the payroll records. Many workers were alleged that they were not getting proper fees for the night shifts or over time. Even there was no footage regarding the night shift duties. Therefore, it can be seen that the company was engaged into the serious mischief regarding the employment relation by non-compliance of the rules. Implication of the Inquiry: Certain things have been come into the light through the inquiry and a huge gap has been observed regarding the Employment Relation System. There was a lack regarding the compulsory power observed in the company and it resulted into the non-compliance of the rules of the Fair Work Act 2009. The implication of the inquiry has created serious effect not only on the respected company but on the Australian Industry as well. Many articles were published to expose the conditions of the company and the outcome of the inquiry. The Guardian regarding the company had published certain material facts (Briton, 2015). It was reported that the workers who were suffered by the under payment waging system of the company and alleged to made complaint against the company had been brutally beaten up by the company. As per the panel, conducting the investigation, observed that the company is engaged with the underpayment malpractice and the company is bound to pay $4.36m to the workers. The under payment scandal was reported to the Senate employment committee and over 2500 complaint were made to the committee regarding the scam. It was revealed by the committee and a migrated worker was beaten by the company when he tried to make complaint against the company regarding the under waging system. It was reported by the Sydney Morning Herald that two of the employees were paid $270,000 from the company after the investigation was made. These workers were taken key role regarding the exposure. One Mohamed Rashid Thodi had been suffering since 2007 and made a claim regarding the matter. 7 Eleven was the most popular convenience store in Australia and when the scam was came into the light, all the franchisee networks were encouraged by the act. The investigating panel claims certain recommendations regarding the repayment to the affected workers. The main objectives of the inquiry were to promote the sustainable culture among the franchisee of the Australia. The franchisee structure was very much affected by the inquiry of 7 eleven. The franchisee used the employment law as their weapon to cheat the people or the workers at large. They are not following the rules of the Fair Work Act 2009. 7 eleven is a less typical arrangement. The employee relation surfaces are vehemently affected by the acts of the franchisee in Australia. The investigators were suddenly raid on the stores of the 7 eleven and exposes certain shocking facts that shows the real face behind the mask. The payroll services are not maintained properly and the company was using the same to gain certain illegal process to cheat the migrated workers at large. The audit system of the company has also certain loopholes and there was no such record present that can be regarded as proper as there were lots of gap between the record and the practical life. The loopholes are basically founded as the form of an under payment. Certain training was necessitated regarding the same of wages and the violation of the employees. It can be stated that the inquiry made by the fair work inspector are creating certain implications not only on the company but on the Australian franchisee system. It can be observed by the statements of the various workers that who are working in the same company. According to Mr. Mohamed Shahid, the company had not made his payment since the year 2007. After the inquiry, Mohamed get all the money that were engaged in the company. Therefore, it can be said that the company report had certain implication on the Australia based convenience store 7 Eleven. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be stated that the inquiry made by the Fair Work authority in Australia has been regarded as one of the major step to curb the problem regarding the Australian franchisee system. The inquiry had made certain specific rule regarding the under payment of wages. References: Abdu, G. (2013). Analysis of consumer behavior affecting consumer willingness to buy in 7-eleven convenience store.Universal Journal of Management,1(2), 69-75. Bray, J. R. (2013). Reflections on the Evolution of the Minimum Wage in Australia: Options for the Future. Briton, B. (2015). 7-Eleven scandal: The tip of a low-wage iceberg.Guardian (Sydney), (1705), 1. Chiao, Y. C., Cheng, K. H., Hsu, S. M. (2013). FamilyMart: Responses to Competitive Rivalry in the Convenience Store Market in Taiwan.Asian Case Research Journal,17(02), 339-358. Chopra, S., Chopra, S. (2017). Seven-Eleven Japan Co.Kellogg School of Management Cases, 1-14. Endo, G. (2014). How Convenience Stores have Changed Retail and Distribution in Thailand?: A Comparative Business History of 7-Eleven Stores in Japan and Thailand. (Japanese Studies Journal),31(1), 87-106. Grasso, M. (2015). The risks of underpayment.Australian Veterinary Journal,93(1), N22. Li, J., Cooke, F. L., Mu, J., Wang, J. (2016). Underpayment of wages and wage distortion in China: an empirical assessment of the 20032008 period.Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy,21(1), 26-52. MORAN, L. J. (2014). CHAPTER ELEVEN MANAGING THE CRITICAL INDEPENDENCIES.Law and Popular Culture: International Perspectives, 195. Pekarek, A., Gahan, P. (2016). Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2015.Journal of Industrial Relations,58(3), 356-371. Robertson, S. (2013). Campus, City, Networks and Nation: Student?Migrant Activism as Socio?spatial Experience in Melbourne, Australia.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,37(3), 972-988. Ruff, R. R., Akhund, A., Adjoian, T. (2016). Small convenience stores and the local food environment: an analysis of resident shopping behavior using multilevel modeling.American Journal of Health Promotion,30(3), 172-180. Settle, P. J., Cameron, A. J., Thornton, L. E. (2014). Socioeconomic differences in outdoor food advertising at public transit stops across Melbourne suburbs.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(5), 414-418. Shipp, S. P. (2015). Crisis Communication in an International Organization: An Investigation of the BBCs Reputation in the Aftermath of the Savile Scandal. Sivaraman, G., Turner, P. (2016). The 7-Eleven wages scandal: The need for law reform.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), 53. Sivaraman, G., Turner, P. (2016). The 7-Eleven wages scandal: The need for law reform.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), 53. Wang, J. H. (2014). Key success factor in ready-meal suppliers entering convenience stores.Anthropologist,17(1), 93-99. Webster, J. (2017). More than underpayments and civil penaltiesTaking a strategic approach to regulatory workplace relations litigation.Journal of Industrial Relations, 0022185617705816. Wu, S. I., Lin, H. F. (2014). The correlation of CSR and consumer behavior: A study of convenience store.International Journal of Marketing Studies,6(6), 66. Wu, S. I., Lin, H. F. (2014). The correlation of CSR and consumer behavior: A study of convenience store.International Journal of Marketing Studies,6(6), 66.

Herbert Essays - Herbert Spencer, H. G. Wells, International PEN

Herbert George Wells Herbert George Wells was born in Bromley, Kent, a suburb of London, to a lower-middle-class family. He attended London University and the Royal College of Science where he studied zoology. One of his professors instilled in him a belief in social as well as biological evolution which Wells later cited as the important and influential aspect of his education. This is how it all began. Maybe without this professor Wells wouldn't be the famous author he is today. Most of Wells novels are science fiction and have a great deal of some kind of human society theme, or Darwinism in mind. It is a theme that is seen in his most famous science fiction writings. H.G. Wells seems to convey a sense of Darwinism and change in the future of society in his major works. Wells has been called the father and Shakespeare of science fiction. He is best known today for his great work in science fiction novels and short stories. He depicted stories of chemical warfare, world wars, alien visitors and even atomic weapons in a time that most authors, or even people for that matter, were not thinking of the like. His stories opened a door for future science fiction writers who followed the trend that Wells wrote about. His most popular science fiction works include The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, and The Island of Doctor Moreau. His first novel, The Time Machine, was an immediate success. By the time the First World War had begun his style of writing and novels had made him one of the most controversial and best-selling authors in his time. In the story The Time Machine, Wells expresses his creativity with images of beauty, ugliness and great details. In this novel Wells explores what it would be like to travel in this magnificent and beautiful machine. "The criterion of the prophecy in this case is influenced by the theory of "natural selection." (Beresford, 424) He uses Darwin's theory in the novel and relates it to the men living in the novel. The men are no longer struggling to survive, they have all adapted and there is no termination of the weak. It had practically ceased. His fascination with society in biological terms is also mentioned, "Shows Wells horizon of sociobiological regression leading to cosmic extinction, simplified from Darwinism." (Beresford, 424) He took the idea from Darwin but instead of making it "survival of the fittest", the weak have already died off and only the fittest are left, which leads to the extinction. His fascination with Darwinism was one that had not been thought by many in that time, because there were questions of ethics and religion. "From The Time Machine on, it was generally recognized that no writer had so completely or so perceptively taken Darwin to heart." (McConnell, 442) He wasn't the first man to realize and acknowledge the importance of Darwin's theory for the future of civilization, but he is said to be the first to assimilate that theory into his stories. Concerning society with the future, The Time Machine is said to be seen as "a prophecy of the effects of rampant industrialization on that class conflict that was already, in the nineteenth, century a social powder keg." (McConnell, 438) Wells always touched upon the subject of society, the destruction of it, and how it would become in the future due to this destruction and chaos. His view on society was that the classes would clash and ultimately"they might become two races, mutually uncomprehending and murderously divided," (Suvin, 435) His predictions of future societies were all much alike, war-torn class problems, much like what is seen now a days. The narrator of The Time Machine says of the Time Traveler that he "saw in the growing pile of civilization only a foolish heaping that must inevitably fall back upon and destroy its makers in the end." (McConnell, 439) This is another reference to society's survival of the fittest, as he depicts civilization tearing at each other, and in the end, doing away with their creator. Not all of his predictions and social clashes were horrid and horrendous with violence. In some of his foretelling of what society would do, he recommended things that could be done to avoid such things and maybe in the end reach some kind of peace or togetherness. "That the human race, thanks to its inherited prejudices and superstitions and its innate pigheadedness, is an endangered species; and that mankind must learn-soon-to establish a

Battle of Patay in the Hundred Years War

Battle of Patay in the Hundred Years' War Battle of Patay - Conflict Date: The Battle of Patay was fought June 18, 1429, and was part of the Hundred Years War (1337–1453). Armies Commanders: English Sir John FastolfJohn Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury5,000 men French La HireJean Poton de XaintraillesJoan of Arc1,500 men Battle of Patay - Background: Following the English defeat at Orleans and other reverses along the Loire Valley in 1429, Sir John Fastolf advanced into the area with a relief force from Paris. Joining with John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, the column moved to relieve the English garrison at Beaugency. On June 17, Fastolf and Shrewsbury encountered a French force northeast of the town. Realizing that its garrison had fallen, the two commanders elected to fall back to Meung-sur-Loire as the French were not willing to give battle. Arriving there, they attempted to retake the bridge guardhouse which had fallen to French forces a few days earlier. Battle of Patay - the English Retreat: Unsuccessful, they soon learned that the French were moving from Beaugency to besiege Meung-sur-Loire. Outnumbered and outgunned by Joan of Arcs approaching army, Fastolf and Shrewsbury decided to abandon the town and retreat north towards Janville. Marching out, they moved up the Old Roman Road before pausing near Patay to rest. Leading the rear guard, Shrewsbury placed his archers and other troops in a covered position near an intersection. Learning of the English retreat, the French commanders debated what action to pursue. The discussion was ended by Joan who advocated for a swift pursuit. Sending forward a mounted force under the leadership of La Hire and Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, Joan followed with the main army. Ranging ahead, French patrols initially failed to locate Fastolfs column. While the vanguard paused at St. Sigmund, approximately 3.75 miles from Patay, the French scouts finally had success. Unaware of their proximity to Shrewsburys position, they flushed a stag from along the road. Racing north it bounded through the English position. Battle of Patay - the French Attack: Spotting the deer, the English archers sent up a hunting cry which gave away their location. Learning of this, La Hire and Xaintrailles raced ahead with 1,500 men. Rushing to prepare for battle, the English archers, armed with the deadly longbow, began their standard tactic of placing pointed stakes in front of their position for protection. As Shrewsburys line formed near the intersection, Fastolf deployed his infantry along a ridge to the rear. Though they moved quickly, the English archers were not fully prepared when the French appeared around 2:00 PM. Riding over a ridge south of the English lines, La Hire and Xaintrailles did not pause, but instead immediately deployed and charged forward. Slamming into Shrewsburys position, they quickly outflanked and overran the English. Watching in horror from the ridge, Fastolf attempted to recall the vanguard of his column but to no avail. Lacking sufficient forces to deal with the French, he began retreating up the road as La Hire and Xaintrailles horsemen cut down or captured the remnants of Shrewsburys men. Battle of Patay - Aftermath: The final battle of Joan of Arcs decisive Loire Campaign, Patay cost the English around 2,500 casualties while the French sustained approximately 100. Having defeated the English at Patay and concluded a highly successful campaign, the French began to turn the tide of the Hundred Years War. The defeat inflicted significant losses upon the English longbow corps as well as was one of the first times a massed French cavalry charge had overcome the skilled archers. Selected Sources Battle of PataySiege of Orleans and Loire Valley Campaign

Central Engineering and Research Department Essay

Central Engineering and Research Department - Essay Example Crosby believes that the only performance measurement is the cost of quality. Here, Crosby believes that the cost of quality is always a measurable item, for example rework, warranty costs, rejects, and that this is the only basis on which to measure performance. As a practical measurement of quality this might generally be considered to be useful although it cannot be seen as the only measure of business performance, rather the only measure of quality. Juran's work also focuses very clearly on measurement and specific objectives. Again, the validity of this approach must be questioned. Many aspects of quality are difficult to accurately and reliably quantify. In contrary, Deming believes in a management approach with a long-term orientation. Deming gives explicit recognition to the need to satisfy shareholder expectations, but points out that these expectations often go beyond immediate return on capital to consider the future. Deming criticizes failure to recognize and evaluate the intangible aspects of the organization, for example, the additional sales generated through satisfied customers, the benefits to productivity and quality derived from people feeling part of a success story. Deming (1986: 123) considers that managers who believe that everything can be measured are deluding themselves and suggests that they should know before they start that they will be able to quantify only 'a trivial part of the gain'. This should be seen as a belief in intangible, invisible benefits arising from good management practice. It does however conflict with his espousal of statistical methods since the reliable measurement of intangibles is notoriously difficult (Beckford, 1998). The new distribution facility should be evaluated using Deming's approach to quality management. The short-term costs may be greater than the benefits, but in the long-term, it may lead to increased customer satisfaction and sales. The same thing applies to recommendations regarding customer se rvice not being implemented due to budgetary constraints. The method to achieving quality proposed by Crosby entails forming quality improvement teams. Crosby specifically requires multi-disciplinary teams. Juran's approach has the same weakness. Management and organizational cybernetics and human relations theory has been largely ignored (Beckford, 1998). However, each department in Canbide is responsible for developing and implementing the quality program through the corporate wide Excellence through Quality (EQ) program. Drawing on the work of the statistician Walter Schewhart-his tutor-Deming urged a management focus on causes of variability in manufacturing processes. Deming believed in the use of Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts as the key method for identifying special and common causes and assisting diagnosis of quality problems. His aim was to remove 'outliers', that is, quality problems relating to the special causes of failure. This was achieved through training, improved machinery and equipment and so on. SPC enabled the production process to be brought 'under control'. Remaining quality problems were considered to be related to common causes, that is, they were inherent in the design of the production pr

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River Woods Plant Manager - Case Study Example In order for the project to be successful, the manager will be needed to come up with strategies to manage the project together with the subordinates and the expected challenges. This will be especially helpful because he will be new, with a new project and current subordinates who have been using functional lines of reporting. In this case there is an introduction of a new plant in a location away from the headquarters. Current personnel will be shifted to work at the location of the new plant and any extra staff will be taken to other branches. The new plant is viewed to be viable in the future and it will have new methods of production, manpower requirement as well as lower cost of production because it will be automated. The new plant is being used to implement a decentralized system of management signaling a move away from the centralized system where there was function line reporting. In the centralized method, marketing was under the vice president, manufacturing and other functions under senior vice president and no plant had a general manager. In the new system the general manager will take charge of personnel and all function save for sales and marketing (Whetten & Cameron, 2007). There are concerns over a shift from line reporting to plant level focus as well as upgrading the current staff to use the new plant. Use of the new plant, setting of procedures, appliance design and production plan are expected to pose a challenge. There are complaints from the current employees over moving to a smaller town who are also dissatisfied with their new roles. These are the same people who will be expected to foster unity of the plant and assist in success of the new plant and the entire company. Issues are expected between managers with regard to power sharing and teaching them on how to exercise their power with the new changes. In an organizational context, personal power of the manager

Multitasking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multitasking - Essay Example This facility helped in improving efficiency1. With respect to computing, the term Multitasking refers to a process which facilitates undertaking of several tasks or processes at the same time, by enabling sharing of certain common processing resources such as the CPU for instance. Multitasking refers to the running of multiple independent computer programs on the same computer; giving the appearance that it is performing the tasks at the same time. The kernel of the operating system is responsible for that activity. In computing terms, kernel acts as a vital constituent of a majority of computer operating systems. Its key responsibilities include administering the operating systems resources, for instance, setting up and ensuring adequate interaction between the hardware as well as software components. One of the fundamental functions of the kernel includes administering the computer’s resources and permitting other programs to run and use these resources. Characteristically, the resources comprises of: the CPU (central processing unit), the memory of the system, as well as the I/O (Input / Output) devices. The multitasking characteristic entails the necessity to sustain simultaneous implementation of processes and to offer services for inter process communication and synchronization. Other less noticeable yet equally significant functions of the kernel comprises of management of interrupts and basic process scheduling. Furthermore, apart from the above listed functions, the kernel typically manages some ancillary actions essential for offering the services which are observable by the other Operating System layers. Examples of such internal kernel operations include system time-base management and processor allocation by means of basic process scheduling. Multitasking can be classified into two major forms: Cooperative multitasking and Preemptive Multitasking. In

CSR IN KENYA: FACTORS THAT DRIVE and AFFECT THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY

CSR IN KENYA: FACTORS THAT DRIVE and AFFECT THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY This paper seeks to address the concept of CSR within the Kenyan context and in particular the factors that affect its effective practice and the benefits to the local stakeholder community. The growth and implementation of CSR-related activities throughout the years in developing countries and in particular Kenya will also be dealt with. The research questions posed will be tackled using the mixed methods cross-sectional design as focus will be on all the sectors of the economy so as to have a better understanding of the different contributions by these businesses and organisations. Through this research, I hope to identify the precise ways in which CSR is practised in Kenya while establishing the various businesses that are committed to this cause. This paper will also highlight the major characteristics of the practice of CSR in Kenya and thus, give businesses insight into which areas need improvement and how they can do so while still turning a profit. 4. INTRODUCTION a) Area Topic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an ever evolving concept that comprises of any strategic tool that creates new opportunities for businesses while mitigating and managing the risks to the businesses. The focus of this study is on the area of CSR and in particular its practice in Kenya. The topic of choice is whether there have been any factors that have driven and affected the local businesses contributions to the stakeholder community. b) Statement of purpose The purpose of the study is to examine what key CSR drivers are present in Kenya whether there have been any factors that have prevented the business organisations in Kenya from substantially contributing to the local community through the practice of CSR. Additionally, the study will also look into spheres of possible improvement by the government and the business community. 5. LITERATURE REVIEW CSR means many things to different people institutions and as Frankenthal (2001) clearly states, CSR is a vague and intangible term which can mean anything to anybody, and therefore is effectively without meaning. These CSR interpretations have evolved over the last 30 years from being relatively focused on compliance with environmental regulations a search for eco-efficiency to a broader concept that combines and balances economic, social and environmental commitments as part of the drive towards sustainable development. Therefore, different companies have adopted slightly different interpretations as to what CSR means to them but the underlying message is always the same. Welford (2004 and 2005) has noted that CSR has been adopted in different ways in the different parts of the world. CSR concerns how organisations interact with their stakeholders, and is linked to improving sustainable development, health and wellbeing for people, as well as enhancing organisational profits (Price, 2009). This is because over the years, business organisations have come under immense pressure from their stakeholders to act in a responsible manner. Scandals such as Enron and Parmalat (Ruggie 2003: OHiggins 2005), Nikes employment practices and the very recent BP/Shell oil spill have provoked increased scrutiny into business policies and practices. Mullerat and Brennan (2005) deduced from a study carried out by the Italian Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Craft and Agriculture in cooperation with Instituto per i Valore dImpresa that the adoption of CSR-related activities by companies depends on 2 factors: The size of the business enterprise/ organisation there is a difference on CSR performance between the smaller companies and the large ones due to financial personnel differences; and The particular sector of the economy in which the business operates for example, businesses within the agro-industrial, building construction, manufacturing ICT sectors are more concerned with environmental issues arising from their production processes and product lifespan. Globally, companies that have engaged in CSR have come to the realization that their environmental and social impacts need to be managed in line with their economic or commercial performance (Little, 2003). In Africa, CSR is still in its infancy stage due to socioeconomic realities such as poverty, HIV/AIDS and ineffective public administration service delivery which have had a significant impact on the drivers, role and function of CSR for companies operating in Africa (Klins, Niekerk Smit, 2010). Thus, CSR activities and projects aspire to resolve challenges faced by communities, which governments cannot fully address. Therefore, issues such as the environment, workplace, product quality and health safety get much lower priority. CSR in Africa is most often associated with multinationals or large foreign investors e.g. Coca Cola. Visser, Matten, Pohl Tolhurst (2010) have identified some of the drivers for CSR in developing countries as: Cultural tradition where CSR draws deeply from indigenous beliefs of philanthropy, business ethics and community togetherness; Reforms in politics; Socio-economic priorities e.g. alleviation of poverty, eradication of HIV/AIDS; Governance gaps; Response to crisis such as accidents, catastrophes; Market access; International standardisation through the adoption of global CSR codes; Investment incentives; Stakeholder activism; and Business supply chains. CSR is therefore seldom related to the companies core business but rather tends to be positive payback philanthropy, with public relations benefits (Klins et al, 2010). Some priority issues covered by CSR activities in Africa are poverty reduction, health HIV/AIDS, skills development education, youth development and socioeconomic development. In Kenya, the cultural context is an important factor in defining CSR and this communal culture is captured in the indigenous concept of Harambee which embodies and reflects the strong ancient value of mutual assistance, joint effort, social responsibility and community self-reliance (Winston and Ryan, 2008). This concept simply means that collective good outweighs individual gain. According to Gathii (2008), the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) has been involved in drafting guidelines on CSR. These guidelines, in addition to those voluntarily adopted by companies and the current ISO standards, form a backdrop against which to measure CSR in Kenya. In Kenya, CSR is often seen as an add-on, peripheral to the core business (Imani Development, 2009). CSR departments are rare and many operate from within marketing, communications, corporate affairs, training or human resources departments (Klins et al, 2010). Furthermore, where CSR policies are established, more often than not, they refer to philanthropic approaches. CSR policy adherence is not typically evaluated in Kenya and corporate leadership involvement tends to be focused on launching community projects, supporting CSR policies and ensuring resources for these projects, rather than embedding CSR in business processes. Regulations that have an impact on CSR are often based on the ratification and subsequent domestication of international conventions which mainly focus on workplace issues and the physical environment. Examples of specific national CSR-related legislation in Kenya are: Vision 2030; Kenya National Environment Action Plan; and Draft guidelines (recently developed) by Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) Ponnu and Okoth (2009) in a study done on CSR disclosure in Kenya found that Kenyan companies are relatively small if compared in the international standards. These companies participation in social activities may not be pegged on their financial capability rather, their willingness and desire for strategic positioning within the society for future economic advantages. Some organisations business committed to practising CSR in Kenya are: The Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE) which fights against HIV/AIDS is a signatory of the Global Compact and is also involved in Kenyas Vision 2030; The Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) has established the Centre for Energy Efficiency Conservation (CEEC) and has been the focal point of the Global Compact Local Network in Kenya since September 2009; The Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA) is promoting the UN Global Compact and is active in the field of anti-corruption; East African Breweries Ltd (EABL) founded the EABL Foundation in 2005 which deals with the supply of water, environment, health, education training and other special projects, aimed at improving the lives of the people in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; Safaricom Ltd a leading mobile service provider that has greatly contributed to the Kenya community since 2007 through its sponsorship of various projects under the spheres of community, environment, health, sports and education; Intex Construction Ltd. a Kenyan company that deals in construction, civil engineering and real estate development and is committed to CSR, environmental impact management and Corporate Social Investment (CSI); Unilever Tea Kenya Ltd. as part of its CSR agenda is involved in health care, employee welfare (housing), community participation (educational scholarships, training of farmers) and environmental care (is a corporate member of WWF and encourages sustainable agriculture); and Equity Bank the Equity Group Foundation focuses on eradication of poverty, hunger and the provision of humanitarian aid, education, gender equality and women empowerment, health, environment sustainability and voluntary service to society by the banks leadership. Kivuitu, Yambayamba Fox (2005), argue that the CSR agenda needs to be locally owned if its to make a significant contribution to the local development priorities and it must be relevant to local enterprises, whether large or small. Many scholars agree that in order for CSR and its policies to produce substantial gains within the Kenyan local community, it needs to be tailored to suit the business practices of the organisations that operate in Kenya. 6. RESEARCH QUESTIONS i) General Questions Has the practice of CSR in Kenya been successful overall? What are issues that have benefited from the practice of CSR? How much more can be done by the relevant authorities and businesses? ii) Specific Questions What are main drivers of CSR in Kenya? How many companies in Kenya practice CSR? How many of these companies are listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE)? Does the Kenyan Government participate in CSR-related activities? Are there any state policies or laws that regulate or steer CSR in Kenya? What are the various ways in which CSR is practised in Kenya? What are the critical success factors that have led to implementation of successful CSR projects in Kenya? How have local issues benefited from CSR-related activities? Are the gains substantial and/or should more be done? 7. RESEARCH METHODS i) Design (Strategy Framework) The research questions will be answered using the mixed methods cross-sectional design with a pragmatic worldview which consists of collection of both quantitative and qualitative data sequentially. This approach is based on the assumption that the collection of diverse types of data best provides a deeper understanding of the research problem posed. The study will commence with a broad survey in order to generalize the results from a sample of the businesses to the population. Then qualitative open-ended interviews will be used to collect detailed views from the participants. The strengths of both quantitative and qualitative research will provide the best understanding of this particular study. ii) Sample Sampling is an important part of the research study and this is because its cheaper, faster, practical, and more confidential in nature and lastly it has more in-depth analysis of the research problem. The research will be located in Kenya as this is the topic of the area under study. The population from which the samples will be selected will be the companies operating in Kenya (both national and foreign internationals). This is because these companies CSR practices are the major focus point of the research study. Sampling will be done through the sequential mixed methods sampling procedure, whereby the results from the QUAN strand will influence the methodology subsequently employed in the QUAL strand. The first sample will be generated through stratified random sampling where businesses will be surveyed and from these results then simple random sampling will be applied so as to investigate the issues that have benefited from CSR-related activities in Kenya. The first sample will consist of 30 companies randomly selected from: The Nairobi Stock Exchange; Foreign internationals companies operating in Kenya; and Medium-sized companies not listed on the NSE. The second sample will comprise of 20 issues that have benefited from CSR-related activities and the size of this sample will be inclusive of institutions, individuals or group of individuals, the environment and other local causes. iii) Data Collection This will be done in 2 stages as the quantitative data collection will build on the qualitative one. Quantitative data on the factors that drive and affect CSR performance by businesses will be through a cross-sectional survey using: Close-ended Online Questionnaires Advantages are: There is greater flexibility when displaying the questions in mind e.g. through check boxes, pull down menus; It allows a quicker response from the participants; Its cheaper to administer due to the absence of costs of purchasing paper, printing and postage; There is no prior arrangement to be done; They avoid any embarrassment to the respondents; There is no bias from the researcher; Reduction in the time needed for analysis as the data is collected in a central database; and Its easier to correct any errors made on the questionnaire thus no need for reprinting. Disadvantages are: There is a limited response rate because some people may not have access to the internet; They assume that the respondents are literate; There are people who are not receptive to completing questionnaires online; and There is a bias as the demographic that generally responds to online questionnaire invitations are usually younger people. Structured Telephone Interviews Advantages include: Relatively cheaper and speedier than personal interviews; There is a high response rate which is also spontaneous ; Interviews can be aided where necessary; The researcher can tape the interviews; Has accessibility to a wide geographical area; and Has more anonymity than personal interviews. Disadvantages include: The participants can terminate the interview at any time they want; Questionnaire will be required so as to guide the researcher on what to ask; There is the inevitability of repeat calls; Respondents have very little time to think; The researcher must have phone etiquette; The questions presented must be straightforward; Non-verbal cues cannot be read (visual aids cannot be used); The interviews have to be short so as to avoid irritation; and There is the danger of contacting obsolete telephone numbers while omitting unlisted ones. While qualitative data on the contributions to the local issues will be collected through: Document Review The advantages include: The information contained the documents can be verified independently; The review process can be done independently without relying on other sources extensively; and Its cheaper than other data collection methods. The disadvantages include: The information uncovered may not be in line with the requirements of the research study; The documents may be difficult to locate obtain; The information may not be available for public viewing; The documents may be located in a distant archive thus requiring the researcher to travel; It can be a time-sensitive process; and The researcher does not have control over the quality of data unearthed and thus relies on the information provided in the documents so as to assess the reliability of the sources. Open-ended/in-depth interviews Advantages are: They provide more detailed information than the other methods; and Information is collected in a more relaxed atmosphere thus interviewees are more open. Disadvantages of this method are: The respondents may be biased in order to prove a point; These interviews are time-sensitive due to transcription and analysis of this data; and They produce results that are not easily generalized due to the small samples chosen. Audiovisual materials Some advantages of this type of data collection are: Its easier for people to relate to images; They provide a gateway for participants to share their perceptions; and They provide extensive data on real-life situations. Disadvantages include: Due to the amount of extensive data collected, they are difficult to analyse; and Data collected could be easily influenced by the researched thus theres bias. iv) Data Analysis Research Question Data Source Analysis Plan What are the main drivers of CSR in Kenya? Books, dissertations, periodicals, journals research reports Content/ document analysis of the identified paper-based sources. How many companies in Kenya practice CSR? Company websites, annual reports, periodicals journals Web content analysis of the relevant company websites. Document analysis of the relevant company-related documents. How many of these companies are listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange? Nairobi Stock Exchange website Web content analysis of the NSE website. Does the Kenyan government participate in CSR-related activities? Government reports publications Content/ document analysis the accessible and relevant government sources. Are there any state policies or laws that regulate or steer CSR in Kenya? Government statutes Document analysis of government statutes dealing with CSR in Kenya. What are the various ways in CSR is practised in Kenya? Questionnaires, books, journals, research reports conference reports. Use of constant comparison (grounded theory) to analyse questions. Document analysis of the obtained documents. Use of SPSS to collate responses to the questionnaires issued. What are the critical success factors that have led to implementation of successful CSR projects in Kenya? Periodicals, dissertations, journals, books, research papers Document analysis of the books, journals, periodicals, dissertations and research papers unearthed during the research. How have local issues benefited from CSR-related activities? Interviews, company websites, questionnaires, journals, periodicals Document analysis of journals, periodicals. SPSS analysis of the interviews questionnaires issued. Web content analysis of the various companies identified. Are the gains substantial and/or should more be done? Interviews, questionnaires, research papers conference reports. Document analysis SPSS analysis Therefore, due to the mixed methods research design formulated, the research will undergo the following 5 stages in order to fully answer the research questions posed: Data Reduction It will involve the use of memoing, descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Data Display This will be done through charts, graphs and tables. Data Consolidation Both sets of data will be combined to create new ones. Data Comparison Comparison of data from the quantitative the qualitative data sources will then be done. Data Integration Lastly, integration of both types of data into one whole will reveal the final picture. v) Assumptions The following will be made in relation to this study: That respondents will answer the questionnaires truthfully; That the samples represent the population; and The instruments used have validity and are measuring the desired constructs. 8. SIGNIFICANCE This research study is important as it will examine deeper an area that has not been fully explored by previous scholars while paying homage to them. This is due to the fact that CSR is an ever-growing phenomenon that Kenya as a developing country needs to improve on so as to catch up to its developed counterparts. This study is important to the businesses operating in Kenya as it will enable them to gauge themselves and identify areas of improvement at the same time. 9. LIMITATIONS DELIMITATIONS Limitations The study will be limited by time constraints because of the length of time provided for completing the research. It will also be limited by the number of businesses, institutions willing to participate in the study. Delimitations This study will be delimited to companies, institutions operating in Kenya that have participated in CSR-related activities in the last 10 years. 10. ETHICAL ISSUES The following ethical issues will be taken into consideration during this study: Informed consent and the participants understanding of their rights. These consents will be both written and oral in nature; Confidentiality of any information collected from the participants; and Anonymity of the interviewees before, during and after the interviews. 11. REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY ALKathiri, N.S. (2010) Collecting Qualitative Data [Online] http://www.slideshare.net/highness85/collecting-qualitative-data [Accessed on 22nd November 2010] Amaratunga, D.; Baldry, D.; Sarshar, M.; and Newton, R. (2002) Quantitative and Qualitative research in the built environment, Work Study, Vol. 51(1), pp.17-31 Baker, M. (2010) The Business in Society, Corporate Social Responsibility What Does It Mean? [Online] http://www.businessrespect.net/definition.php [Accessed on 21st November 2010] Boyce, C.; and Neale, P. (2006) Conducting In-depth Interviews: A Guide for Designing and Conducting In-depth Interviews for Evaluation Input in Monitoring and Evaluation 2, Watertown, MA: Pathfinder International, pp. 1-12 Business in the Community (2010) The CR Academy [Online] http://www.bitc.org.uk/cr_academy/index.html [Accessed on 22nd November] Chanimal (2004) Quantitative Research Considerations [Online] http://www.chanimal.com/html/quantitative_research.html [Accessed on 19th November 2010] Clarke, R.J. (2005) Research Models and Methodologies, HDR Seminar Series, Faculty of Commerce (Spring Session) Crane, A. (2008) Corporate Social Responsibility in developing countries in The Oxford handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford University Press, pp.480-484 Creswell, J. (2009) The Selection of a Research Design in Research Design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (ed.), Newbury Park, Cal.: Sage Publications, pp. 3-21 Creswell, J. (2009) Research Questions and Hypotheses in Research Design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (ed.), Newbury Park, Cal.: Sage Publications, pp. 129-143 Creswell, J. (2009) Collecting Data in Mixed Methods Research in Research Design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (ed.), Newbury Park, Cal.: Sage Publications, pp. 110-127 Dobers, P.; and Halme, M. (2009) Editorial Corporate Social Responsibility and developing countries, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 16, Wiley InterScience, pp. 237-249 Driscoll, D.; Yeboah, A.A; Salib, P.; and Rupert, D. (2007) Merging Qualitative and Quantitative Data in Mixed Methods Research: How to and Why not, Journal of Ecological and Environmental Anthropology, Vol. 3 (1), pp. 19-28 East African Breweries Ltd. 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(2008) Kenya: What does CSR really mean?, Business Daily Nairobi, 6 May 2008; http://allafrica.com/stories/200805061150.html [Accessed 25th November 2010] Imani Development (2009) Corporate Social Responsibility in Sub-Saharan Africa Built In or Bolted On? A Survey on Promoting and Hindering Factors (Eschborn, Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fà ¼r Technische Zusammenarbeit [GTZ] GmbH/BMZ/British High Commission SouthAfrica) Intex Construction Ltd. [Online] http://www.intexafrica.com/howwedobusiness.htm [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Kenya Association of Manufacturers [Online] http://www.kam.co.ke/?itemId=17newsId=265 [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Kenya Private Sector Alliance [Online] http://aquaya.org/wp-content/uploads/Kevit_Desai.pdf [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Kivuitu, M.; Yambayamba, K.; and Fox, T. (2005)How can Corporate Responsibility Deliver in Africa? Insights from Kenya and Zambia, Perspectives on Corporate Responsibility for Environment and Development, Issue 3, pp.1-5 Klins, U,; Niekerk, J. and Smit, A. (2010) Africa in The World Guide to CSR: A Country-by- Country Analysis of Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility, Sheffield, Greenleaf Publishing Limited Little, A. (2003) The Business Case for Corporate Responsibility [Online] http://www.bitc.org.uk/resources/publications/cr_business_case.html [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Mullerat, R. And Brennan, D. (2005) Corporate Social Responsibility and Public Policy in Corporate Social Responsibility: the Corporate Governance of the 21st century, Kluwer Law International pp.79-80 Muthuri, J.; and Gilbert, V. (2010) An Institutional Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in Kenya, Journal of Business Ethics, Springer (August) Neill, J. 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(2003) The New World of Corporate Social Responsibility [Online] http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/workingpaper_10_kytle_ruggie.pdf [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Safaricom Ltd. [Online] http://www.safaricom.co.ke/index.php?id=388 [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Teddlie, C.; and Yu, F. (2007) Mixed Methods Sampling: A Typology with Examples, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Vol. 1(1), Newbury Park, Cal.: Sage Publications, pp.77-100 Ufadhili Trust (2004) Corporate Social Responsibility and Development in Kenya, Ufadhili; Nairobi Unilever Tea Kenya Ltd. [Online] http://www.eastafricancsrawards.com/downloads/shortlisted/SC_Unilever%20Kenya%20HIVAid.pdf [Accessed on 20th November 2010] Visser, W.; Matten, D.; Pohl, M.; and Tolhurst, N. (2010) Corporate Social Responsibility in developing countries in The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility Visser, W.; McIntosh, M,; and Middleton, C. (2006) Lessons from the past: Paths to the future in Corporate Citizenship in Africa, Sheffield, Greenleaf Publishing Limited Welford, R. (2004) Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe and Asia: Critical Elements and Best Practice, Journal of Corporate Citizenship, Issue 13 Welford, R. (2005) Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe, North America and Asia, Journal of Corporate Citizenship, Issue 17 Winston, B., and Ryan, B. (2008) Servant Leadership as a Humane Orientation: Using the GLOBE Study Construct of Humane Orientation to Show that Servant Leadership is More Global than Western, International Journal of Leadership Studies 3.2: 212-222. World Bank Institute Education Group (2007) Document Review in Needs Assessment Knowledge Base, World Bank Organisation [Online] http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/213798-1194538727144/11Final-Document_Review.pdf [Accessed on 21st November 2010] World Bank Institute (2003) CSR Launch in Kenya in CSR Update, Vol.1 (2), pp.1-8 12. APPENDICES C:UsersLynResearch Methodsbusiness in society diag..gif Appendix 1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION YES NO N/A COMMENTS Does your organisation have a CSR structure? Have targets been set? Who has overall responsibility for CSR in your organisation? Does your organisation report on CSR? Has your organisation undertaken any type of activity that has aided the community or protected the environment? Has management received training on CSR issues? Has your organisation tried to reduce its environmental impact in terms of: a) Pollution Prevention? b) Waste minimisation recycling? c) Protection of the natural environment? Does your organisation supply clear accurate environmental information on its activities to the local community? Does your organisation have open dialogue with

Essay --

Hannah Ricks Ricks, 1 Mrs. Miller English 12 11 November 2013 Rosa Parks How important are rights and equality? How many would walk 20 miles a day in rain or snow just to get the point across that bus segregation, among other forms of segregation are unjust or how many would be willing to give up their lives, jobs, protection for their families, homes, friends and others for change that is deserved? Rosa Louise McCauley Parks among many other civil right activists did just that. Rosa went through many struggles and trials in her life for the fight for freedom. She was an amazing example to all people, not just African Americans. Even though she wasn't well educated she still made a huge impact in society. By Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the bus, she changed society in many ways: she gave hope to those races that wanted change and equal rights for themselves. Rosa got her high school diploma at age twenty thanks to encouragement of her husband Raymond: she dropped out in eleventh grade to take care of her mother and grandma. As children the black students had to walk to their school, which was often inadequate while the whites had school buses that took them to their brand new school. As long as she could remember, there was a black world and a white world, the bus was among the first ways she realized it. Parks recalled a time when the Ku Klux Klan marched down the street in front of their house while her grandfather guarded the front door with a shotgun, she could not ignore the racism of her society. Ricks, 2 Rosa suffered many things in her life but some... ...t to accomplish this goal: "President Barack Obama unveiled a statue honoring Parks in the nation’s Capital building. He remembered Parks, according to The New York Times, by saying "In a single moment, with the simplest of gestures, she helped change America and change the world. . . . And today, she takes her rightful place among those who shaped this nation’s course." Rosa Parks helped shape society into what it is today. Not all racism is gone but she made a huge impact, and tried her best to for equal rights to the oppressed. She gave so much in order for blacks to have a little bit of freedom. It took quite a while to make an impact but it had to start somewhere, and that somewhere was in the heart of Rosa Parks, it was on that bus when she decided she had had enough, it was in all the Negros that joined in a gave their lives for equality and civil rights.